CO2 is the fundamental raw material of photosynthesis — and enriching your grow room CO2 levels significantly above the atmospheric 400 ppm can produce measurable increases in growth rate and yield under the right conditions. A well-designed CO2 enrichment programme, properly matched to your lighting intensity and environmental conditions, is one of the most powerful yield optimisation tools available to experienced UK indoor growers.
How CO2 Enrichment Works
Plants absorb CO2 through their leaf stomata and use it, together with light energy and water, to synthesise glucose through photosynthesis. At ambient 400 ppm CO2, the carbon supply becomes the limiting factor for most plants under high-intensity artificial lighting. Raising CO2 to 1000–1500 ppm removes this limitation, allowing plants to photosynthesise at a faster rate — provided light intensity, temperature and nutrient supply are sufficient to support the increased metabolic rate.
CO2 enrichment is most effective at high light intensities (PPFD above 600 µmol/m²/s) and elevated temperatures (26–30°C). Below these thresholds, plants cannot fully utilise the additional CO2 and the investment in enrichment equipment produces diminishing returns. Ensure your ventilation system can be controlled to maintain elevated CO2 — continuous extraction rapidly purges added CO2, negating any benefit.
CO2 Enrichment Methods
Natural fermentation CO2 bags provide a simple, passive method that produces modest CO2 enrichment (to approximately 600–800 ppm) without electricity or control equipment — ideal for smaller grows seeking incremental improvement. CO2 canisters with regulators provide reliable, controlled release for mid-sized grows. Gas CO2 burners offer the highest output for large rooms and commercial operations, burning propane or natural gas to produce CO2 as a combustion by-product — also generating heat that requires careful management.
We have been supplying CO2 enrichment equipment to UK growers since 2017. Browse the full CO2 range below.
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